june 2001 1 MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 micrel features +4.5v to +18v operation low steady-state supply current 50 a typical, control input low 370 a typical, control input high 1.2a nominal peak output 3.5 ? typical output resistance at 18v supply 7.8 ? typical output resistance at 5v supply 25mv maximum output offset from supply or ground operates in low-side switch circuits ttl-compatible input withstands ?0v esd protection inverting and noninverting versions applications battery conservation solenoid and motion control lamp control switch-mode power supplies ordering information part number temp. range package marking noninverting MIC4416bm4 ?0 c to +85 c sot-143 d10 inverting mic4417bm4 ?0 c to +85 c sot-143 d11 MIC4416/4417 ittybitty low-side mosfet driver final information general description the MIC4416 and mic4417 ittybitty low-side mosfet drivers are designed to switch an n-channel enhancement- type mosfet from a ttl-compatible control signal in low- side switch applications. the MIC4416 is noninverting and the mic4417 is inverting. these drivers feature short delays and high peak current to produce precise edges and rapid rise and fall times. their tiny 4-lead sot-143 package uses minimum space. the MIC4416/7 is powered from a +4.5v to +18v supply voltage. the on-state gate drive output voltage is approxi- mately equal to the supply voltage (no internal regulators or clamps). high supply voltages, such as 10v, are appropriate for use with standard n-channel mosfets. low supply voltages, such as 5v, are appropriate for use with logic-level n-channel mosfets. in a low-side configuration, the driver can control a mosfet that switches any voltage up to the rating of the mosfet. the MIC4416 is available in the sot-143 package and is rated for ?0 c to +85 c ambient temperature range. typical application on off vs ctl g gnd MIC4416 4.7f si9410dy* n-channel mosfet load voltage ? 1 32 4 load +12v ? load voltage limited only by mosfet drain-to-source rating * siliconix 30m ? , 7a max. 0.1f low-side power switch micrel, inc. 1849 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 http://www.micrel.com
MIC4416/4417 micrel MIC4416/4417 2 june 2001 pin configuration gnd ctl vs g dxx part identification 1 2 34 sot-143 (m4) pin description pin number pin name pin function 1 gnd ground: power return. 2 g gate (output) : gate connection to external mosfet. 3 vs supply (input): +4.5v to +18v supply. 4 ctl control (input): ttl-compatible on/off control input. MIC4416 only: logic high forces the gate output to the supply voltage. logic low forces the gate output to ground. mic4417 only: logic high forces the gate output to ground. logic low forces the gate output to the supply voltage. part number identification MIC4416bm4 d10 mic4417bm4 d11 early production identification: ml10
june 2001 3 MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 micrel electrical characteristics (note 3) parameter condition (note 1) min typ max units supply current 4.5v v s 18v v ctl = 0v 50 200 a v ctl = 5v 370 1500 a control input voltage 4.5v v s 18v v ctl for logic 0 input 0.8 v v ctl for logic 1 input 2.4 v control input current 0v v ctl v s 10 10 a delay time, v ctl rising v s = 5v c l = 1000pf, note 2 42 ns v s = 18v c l = 1000pf, note 2 33 60 ns delay time, v ctl falling v s = 5v c l = 1000pf, note 2 42 ns v s = 18v c l = 1000pf, note 2 23 40 ns output rise time v s = 5v c l = 1000pf, note 2 24 ns v s = 18v c l = 1000pf, note 2 14 40 ns output fall time v s = 5v c l = 1000pf, note 2 28 ns v s = 18v c l = 1000pf, note 2 16 40 ns gate output offset voltage 4.5v v s 18v v g = high 25 mv v g = low 25 mv output resistance v s = 5v, i out = 10ma p-channel (source) mosfet 7.6 ? n-channel (sink) mosfet 7.8 ? v s = 18v, i out = 10ma p-channel (source) mosfet 3.5 10 ? n-channel (sink) mosfet 3.5 10 ? gate output reverse current no latch up 250 ma general note: devices are esd protected, however handling precautions are recommended. note 1: typical values at t a = 25 c. minimum and maximum values indicate performance at 40 c t a +85 c. parts production tested at 25 c. note 2: refer to MIC4416 timing definitions and mic4417 timing definitions diagrams (see next page). note 3: specification for packaged product only. absolute maximum ratings supply voltage (v s ) .................................................... +20v control voltage (v ctl ) .................................. 20v to +20v gate voltage (v g ) ....................................................... +20v junction temperature (t j ) ........................................ 150 c lead temperature, soldering ................... 260 c for 5 sec. operating ratings supply voltage (v s ) ....................................... +4.5 to +18v control voltage (v ctl ) .......................................... 0v to v s ambient temperature range (t a ) ............. 40 c to +85 c thermal resistance ( ja )...................................... 220 c/w (soldered to 0.25in 2 copper ground plane)
MIC4416/4417 micrel MIC4416/4417 4 june 2001 definitions vs ctl g gnd MIC4416/7 v supply 1 32 4 v out v supply source state (p-channel on, n-channel off) i out i supply vs ctl g gnd MIC4416/7 v supply 1 32 4 v out gnd sink state (p-channel off, n-channel on) i out i supply MIC4416 = high mic4417 = low MIC4416 = low mic4417 = high MIC4416/mic4417 operating states 90% 10% rise time 10% 0v 5v fall time v s output input 90% 0v delay time delay time pulse width 2.5v MIC4416 (noninverting) timing definitions delay time 90% 10% rise time 10% 0v 5v delay time fall time v s output input 90% 0v 2.5v pulse width mic4417 (inverting) timing definitions test circuit 5v 0v vs ctl g gnd MIC4416/7 v supply 1 32 4 c l v out
june 2001 5 MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 micrel 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 time (ns) supply voltage (v) rise and fall time vs. supply voltage fall rise f ctl = 1mhz 0 10 20 30 40 50 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 time (ns) temperature ( c) rise and fall time vs. temperature rise v supply = 5v f ctl = 1mhz fall 0 10 20 30 40 50 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 time (ns) temperature ( c) rise and fall time vs. temperature rise v supply = 18v f ctl = 1mhz fall typical characteristics note 3 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 supply current ( a) supply voltage (v) quiescent supply current vs. supply voltage v ctl = 5v v ctl = 0v 0.1 1 10 100 1 10 100 supply current (ma) capacitance (nf) supply current vs. load capacitance v supply = 5v 100khz 10khz 1mhz 0.1 1 10 100 10 100 1000 2000 supply current (ma) frequency (khz) supply current vs. frequency v supply = 18v 5v 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1 10 100 time ( s) capacitance (nf) output rise and fall time vs. load capacitance fall rise v supply = 5v f ctl = 50khz 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 time (ns) supply voltage (v) delay time vs. supply voltage v ctl rise v ctl fall 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 time (ns) temperature ( c) delay time vs. temperature v supply = 5v v ctl rise v ctl fall 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 time (ns) temperature ( c) delay time vs. temperature v supply = 18v v ctl rise v ctl fall 0.1 1 10 100 1 10 100 supply current (ma) capacitance (nf) supply current vs. load capacitance v supply = 18v 100khz 10khz 1mhz 0.01 0.1 1 10 1 10 100 time ( s) capacitance (nf) output rise and fall time vs. load capacitance fall rise v supply = 18v f ctl = 50khz
MIC4416/4417 micrel MIC4416/4417 6 june 2001 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0 20406080100 voltage drop (mv) output current (ma) output voltage drop vs. output source current v supply = 5v 18v note 4 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0 20406080100 voltage drop (mv) output current (ma) output voltage drop vs. output sink current v supply = 5v 18v note 5 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 hysteresis (mv) supply voltage (v) control input hysteresis vs. supply voltage 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 on resistance ( ? ) supply voltage (v) output source resistance i out = 10ma 0 200 400 600 800 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 hysteresis (mv) temperature ( c) control input hysteresis vs. temperature v supply = 18v 5v 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 on-resistance ( ? ) temperature ( c) output source resistance vs. temperature v supply = 5v i out 3ma v supply = 18v i out 3ma 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 on resistance ( ? ) supply voltage (v) output sink resistance i out = 10ma 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 on-resistance ( ? ) temperature ( c) output sink resistance vs. temperature v supply = 5v i out 3ma v supply = 18v i out 3ma 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 current (a) supply voltage (v) peak output current vs. supply voltage sink note 7 source note 6 0.1 1 10 100 1x10 2 1x10 3 1x10 4 1x10 5 1x10 6 1x10 7 supply current (ma) frequency (hz) supply current vs. frequency 0pf 1,000pf 2,000pf 5,000pf c l = 10,000pf v supply = 5v 0.1 1 10 100 1x10 2 1x10 3 1x10 4 1x10 5 1x10 6 1x10 7 supply current (ma) frequency (hz) supply current vs. fre q uenc y 0pf 1,000pf 2,000pf 5,000pf c l = 10,000pf v supply = 18v note 3: typical characteristics at t a = 25 c, v s = 5v, c l = 1000pf unless noted. note 4: source-to-drain voltage drop across the internal p-channel mosfet = v s v g . note 5: drain-to-source voltage drop across the internal n-channel mosfet = v g v gnd . (voltage applied to g.) note 6: 1 s pulse test, 50% duty cycle. out connected to gnd. out sources current. (MIC4416, v ctl = 5v; mic4417, v ctl = 0v) note 7: 1 s pulse test, 50% duty cycle. vs connected to out. out sinks current. (MIC4416, v ctl = 0v; mic4417, v ctl = 5v)
june 2001 7 MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 micrel functional description refer to the functional diagram. the MIC4416 is a noninverting driver. a logic high on the ctl (control) input produces gate drive output. the mic4417 is an inverting driver. a logic low on the ctl (control) input produces gate drive output. the g (gate) output is used to turn on an external n-channel mosfet. supply vs (supply) is rated for +4.5v to +18v. external capacitors are recommended to decouple noise. control ctl (control) is a ttl-compatible input. ctl must be forced high or low by an external signal. a floating input will cause unpredictable operation. a high input turns on q1, which sinks the output of the 0.3ma and the 0.6ma current source, forcing the input of the first inverter low. hysteresis the control threshold voltage, when ctl is rising, is slightly higher than the control threshold voltage when ctl is falling. when ctl is low, q2 is on, which applies the additional 0.6ma current source to q1. forcing ctl high turns on q1 which must sink 0.9ma from the two current sources. the higher current through q1 causes a larger drain-to-source voltage drop across q1. a slightly higher control voltage is required to pull the input of the first inverter down to its threshold. functional diagram logic-level input vs ctl g mic4417 inverting MIC4416 noninverting 0.3ma 0.6ma r1 2k gnd load v switched v supply d1 d4 d2 d5 d3 35v q1 q2 q3 q4 functional diagram with external components q2 turns off after the first inverter output goes high. this reduces the current through q1 to 0.3ma. the lower current reduces the drain-to-source voltage drop across q1. a slightly lower control voltage will pull the input of the first inverter up to its threshold. drivers the second (optional) inverter permits the driver to be manu- factured in inverting and noninverting versions. the last inverter functions as a driver for the output mosfets q3 and q4. gate output g (gate) is designed to drive a capacitive load. v g (gate output voltage) is either approximately the supply voltage or approximately ground, depending on the logic state applied to ctl. if ctl is high, and vs (supply) drops to zero, the gate output will be floating (unpredictable). esd protection d1 protects vs from negative esd voltages. d2 and d3 clamp positive and negative esd voltages applied to ctl. r1 isolates the gate of q1 from sudden changes on the ctl input. d4 and d5 prevent q1 s gate voltage from exceeding the supply voltage or going below ground.
MIC4416/4417 micrel MIC4416/4417 8 june 2001 application information the MIC4416/7 is designed to provide high peak current for charging and discharging capacitive loads. the 1.2a peak value is a nominal value determined under specific condi- tions. this nominal value is used to compare its relative size to other low-side mosfet drivers. the MIC4416/7 is not designed to directly switch 1.2a continuous loads. supply bypass capacitors from vs to gnd are recommended to control switching and supply transients. load current and supply lead length are some of the factors that affect capacitor size requirements. a 4.7 f or 10 f tantalum capacitor is suitable for many applications. low-esr (equivalent series resistance) metal- ized film capacitors may also be suitable. an additional 0.1 f ceramic capacitor is suggested in parallel with the larger capacitor to control high-frequency transients. the low esr (equivalent series resistance) of tantalum capacitors makes them especially effective, but also makes them susceptible to uncontrolled inrush current from low impedance voltage sources (such as nicd batteries or auto- matic test equipment). avoid instantaneously applying volt- age, capable of very high peak current, directly to or near tantalum capacitors without additional current limiting. nor- mal power supply turn-on (slow rise time) or printed circuit trace resistance is usually adequate for normal product usage. circuit layout avoid long power supply and ground traces. they exhibit inductance that can cause voltage transients (inductive kick). even with resistive loads, inductive transients can sometimes exceed the ratings of the mosfet and the driver. when a load is switched off, supply lead inductance forces current to continue flowing resulting in a positive voltage spike. inductance in the ground (return) lead to the supply has similar effects, except the voltage spike is negative. switching transitions momentarily draw current from vs to gnd. this combines with supply lead inductance to create voltage transients at turn on and turnoff. transients can also result in slower apparent rise or fall times when driver s ground shifts with respect to the control input. minimize the length of supply and ground traces or use ground and power planes when possible. bypass capacitors should be placed as close as practical to the driver. mosfet selection standard mosfet a standard n-channel power mosfet is fully enhanced with a gate-to-source voltage of approximately 10v and has an absolute maximum gate-to-source voltage of 20v. the MIC4416/7 s on-state output is approximately equal to the supply voltage. the lowest usable voltage depends upon the behavior of the mosfet. vs ctl g gnd MIC4416 4.7f +8v to +18v 1 32 4 load logic input * gate enhancement voltage v gs * +15v standard mosfet irfz24 ? ? international rectifier 100m ? , 60v mosfet 0.1f try a 15 ? , 15w or 1k, 1/4w resistor figure 1. using a standard mosfet logic-level mosfet logic-level n-channel power mosfets are fully enhanced with a gate-to-source voltage of approximately 5v and have an absolute maximum gate-to-source voltage of 10v. they are less common and generally more expensive. the MIC4416/7 can drive a logic-level mosfet if the supply voltage, including transients, does not exceed the maximum mosfet gate-to-source rating (10v). vs ctl g gnd MIC4416 +4.5v to 10v* 1 32 4 load logic input * gate enhancement voltage (must not exceed 10v) v gs * +5v logic-level mosfet irlz44 ? ? international rectifier 28m ? , 60v mosfet 4.7f 0.1f try a 3 ? , 10w or 100 ? , 1/4w resistor figure 2. using a logic-level mosfet at low voltages, the MIC4416/7 s internal p- and n-channel mosfet s on-resistance will increase and slow the output rise time. refer to typical characteristics graphs. inductive loads on off vs ctl g gnd MIC4416 v supply 1 32 4 schottky diode v switched 4.7f 0.1f figure 3. switching an inductive load switching off an inductive load in a low-side application forces the mosfet drain higher than the supply voltage (as the inductor resists changes to current). to prevent exceeding the mosfet s drain-to-gate and drain-to-source ratings, a schottky diode should be connected across the inductive load.
june 2001 9 MIC4416/4417 MIC4416/4417 micrel power dissipation the maximum power dissipation must not be exceeded to prevent die meltdown or deterioration. power dissipation in on/off switch applications is negligible. fast repetitive switching applications, such as smps (switch- mode power supplies), cause a significant increase in power dissipation with frequency. power is dissipated each time current passes through the internal output mosfets when charging or discharging the external mosfet. power is also dissipated during each transition when some current momen- tarily passes from vs to gnd through both internal mosfets. power dissipation is the product of supply voltage and supply current: 1) p d = v s i s where: p d = power dissipation (w) v s = supply voltage (v) i s = supply current (a) [see paragraph below] supply current is a function of supply voltage, switching frequency, and load capacitance. determine this value from the typical characteristics: supply current vs. frequency graph or measure it in the actual application. do not allow p d to exceed p d (max) , below. t j (junction temperature) is the sum of t a (ambient tempera- ture) and the temperature rise across the thermal resistance of the package. in another form: 2) p 150 t 220 d a ? where: p d (max) = maximum power dissipation (w) 150 = absolute maximum junction temperature ( c) t a = ambient temperature ( c) [68 f = 20 c] 220 = package thermal resistance ( c/w) maximum power dissipation at 20 c with the driver soldered to a 0.25in 2 ground plane is approximately 600mw. ctl g vs gnd pcb heat sink/ ground plane pcb traces figure 4. heat-sink plane the sot-143 package ja (junction-to-ambient thermal re- sistance) can be improved by using a heat sink larger than the specified 0.25in 2 ground plane. significant heat transfer occurs through the large (gnd) lead. this lead is an extension of the paddle to which the die is attached. high-frequency operation although the MIC4416/7 driver will operate at frequencies greater than 1mhz, the mosfet s capacitance and the load will affect the output waveform (at the mosfet s drain). for example, an MIC4416/irl3103 test circuit using a 47 ? 5w load resistor will produce an output waveform that closely matches the input signal shape up to about 500khz. the same test circuit with a 1k ? load resistor operates only up to about 25khz before the mosfet source waveform shows significant change. vs ctl g gnd MIC4416 +4.5v to 18v 1 32 4 logic input +5v logic-level mosfet irl3103* * international rectifier 14m ? , 30v mosfet, logic-level, v gs = 20v max. 4.7f 0.1f compare 47k ? , 5w to 1k ? , 1/4w loads g d s slower rise time observed at mosfet s drain figure 5. mosfet capacitance effects at high switching frequency when the mosfet is driven off, the slower rise occurs because the mosfet s output capacitance recharges through the load resistance (rc circuit). a lower load resistance allows the output to rise faster. for the fastest driver opera- tion, choose the smallest power mosfet that will safely handle the desired voltage, current, and safety margin. the smallest mosfets generally have the lowest capacitance.
MIC4416/4417 micrel MIC4416/4417 10 june 2001 package information 0.150 (0.0059) 0.089 (0.0035) 8 0 0.400 (0.016) typ 3 places 2.50 (0.098) 2.10 (0.083) 1.40 (0.055) 1.20 (0.047) 0.950 (0.0374) typ 3.05 (0.120) 2.67 (0.105) 0.800 (0.031) typ 1.12 (0.044) 0.81 (0.032) 0.10 (0.004) 0.013 (0.0005) dimensions: mm (inch) 0.41 (0.016) 0.13 (0.005) c l c l 4-pin sot-143 (m4) micrel inc. 1849 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 web http://www.micrel.com this information is believed to be accurate and reliable, however no responsibility is assumed by micrel for its use nor for an y infringement of patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or pat ent right of micrel inc. ? 2001 micrel incorporated
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